Ni ikisupercapacitor 

Supercapacitors zigabanyijemo capacitors ebyiri z'amashanyarazi na pseudocapacitors zo mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu. Ni ubwoko bushya bw'igikoresho cyo kubika ingufu, gifite imiterere y'ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi, igihe gito cyo gusharija, igihe kirekire cyo gukora, imiterere myiza y'ubushyuhe, kuzigama ingufu no kurinda ibidukikije. Supercapacitors zikora ibintu byinshi bitandukanye.

Ese supercapacitors zishobora kuba bateri?

Supercapacitors zishobora gusimbuza bateri, ibyo bikaba ari nabyo byerekezaho mu gihe kizaza.

Supercapacitors, izwi kandi nka capacitors ebyiri, capacitors za electrochemical, capacitors za zahabu, na capacitors za Farrah, zibika ingufu binyuze mu gutandukanya electrolytes. Ni electrochemical element, ariko mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu ntabwo habaho chemical reaction, iyi nzira yo kubika ingufu irashobora gusubizwa inyuma, ariko kandi kubera ko iyi supercapacitor ishobora gushyushwa inshuro nyinshi no gusohora inshuro ibihumbi amagana. Supercapacitors ishobora gufatwa nk'amasahani abiri ya electrode adafite imyobo ikora ahagarara muri electrolyte, ashyushwa kuri plate, positive plate ikurura ions mbi muri electrolyte, plate negative ikurura ions nziza, mu by'ukuri ikora urwego rubiri rwo kubika, ions nziza zitandukanijwe hafi ya plate negative, naho ions mbi ziri hafi ya plate negative.

Supercapacitor ni ubwoko bushya bwa capacitor bushingiye ku gitekerezo cy’imiterere y’ibice bibiri byatanzwe n’umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’Umudage Helmholtz. Nkuko twese tubizi, ubuso bwa electrode y’icyuma yinjijwe mu gisubizo cya electrolyte buzagaragara ku mpande zombi z’ubuso bw’amazi bufite ibimenyetso bitandukanye by’umushari mwinshi, bityo itandukaniro rishoboka hagati y’ibyiciro rizavuka. Hanyuma, niba electrode ebyiri zinjijwe muri electrolyte icyarimwe, kandi voltage iri munsi y’umushari wo kubora w’umushari wa electrolyte ishyirwa hagati yazo, noneho iyoni nziza na negative muri electrolyte zizajya vuba zijya ku nkingi munsi y’igikorwa cy’amashanyarazi, kandi uko bikurikirana zigakora urwego rwo gushyushya rukomeye ku buso bwa electrode ebyiri zo hejuru, ni ukuvuga urwego rwo gushyushya rubiri.

Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rugizwe narwo rusa n'umuvuduko wa polarized ukorwa na dielectric muri capacitor isanzwe munsi y'imikorere y'amashanyarazi, bigatuma habaho ingaruka za capacitance. Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rugizwe n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rusa na capacitor igororotse, ariko kubera ko intera iri hagati y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rusanzwe ari nto cyane ugereranyije n'intera iri hagati y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rwa capacitor isanzwe, rufite ubushobozi bunini ugereranyije na capacitor isanzwe.

Ubudahangarwa bw'imbere bwa capacitor ifite imiterere ibiri buruta ubw'iy'icyuma gishyushya umuriro cya aluminiyumu, bityo ishobora gushyushwa umuriro mu buryo butaziguye nta budahangarwa bw'umutwaro. Iyo hari amashanyarazi menshi, capacitor ifite imiterere ibiri izafungura uruziga nta kwangiza igikoresho, bitandukanye no gucika intege kw'amashanyarazi menshi kwa capacitor ifite imiterere ibiri ya aluminiyumu. Muri icyo gihe, ugereranije na bateri ishobora kongera gushyushwa, capacitor ifite imiterere ibiri ya elegitoroniki ishobora gushyushwa nta mbogamizi, kandi umubare w'amashanyarazi ushobora kugera ku nshuro zirenga 10^6, bityo capacitor ifite imiterere ibiri ya elegitoroniki ntabwo ifite imiterere ya capacitor gusa, ahubwo inafite imiterere ya bateri, kandi ni igice gishya cyihariye hagati ya bateri na capacitor.